0 Izishayeli zedivayisi zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwesistimu. Nokho, kubonakala sengathi abasebenzisi abaningi be-PC (ngisho nalabo abazibheka njengabathuthukile) banokuqonda okungacacile kwendima yomshayeli ohlelweni, imisebenzi yalo, izinhlobo, nokunye.
Lokhu okuthunyelwe kuwumbiko omfushane ongewona owobuchwepheshe ochaza ukuthi abashayeli basebenza kanjani nokuthi kungani bebalulekile. Umhlahlandlela onjalo uzoba usizo kunoma yimuphi umsebenzisi we-PC ozimisele ukusebenzisa idivayisi yakhe ngendlela esebenza kahle ngayo.
Yini Isishayeli Sedivayisi?
Ngokusho kweWikipedia , umshayeli wuhlelo lwekhompuyutha olusebenzisa noma olulawula uhlobo oluthile lwedivayisi exhunywe kukhompuyutha.
Kalula nje, umshayeli uyisici sesofthiwe esixhuma ihadiwe nesistimu yokusebenza. Ngomshayeli, i-kernel ye-PC ixhunywe kuzinto zehadiwe. Empeleni, ngaphandle kwabashayeli besistimu, lokhu okulandelayo bekungeke kwenzeke:
- Ukuphrinta ikhasi lombhalo;
- Ukudlala ifayela le-MP3 (isistimu isebenzisa izishayeli zomsindo ukuze ihumushe kanambambili ibe yiMP3);
- Ukusebenzisa ikhibhodi, ikhadi levidiyo, igundane, njll.
Inhloso a umshayeli wedivayisi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihadiwe izoxhunywa ngokushelela kunoma iyiphi inguqulo yesistimu yokusebenza.
Usebenza Kanjani Umshayeli?
Indlela esebenzayo yokucabanga ngabashayeli iwukubabona njengabaxhumanisi phakathi kohlelo olukwi-PC kanye nocezu lwehadiwe olulusebenzisayo ukuze lusebenze. Ngokwazo, isoftware kanye nehardware akuxhumekile nangayiphi indlela - ukukhuluma ngobuchwepheshe, bakhuluma izilimi ezahlukene.
Ngabashayeli, nokho, ukuxhumana phakathi kwalaba ababili kungenzeka. Idala iphrothokholi yokuxhumana kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo, ngaleyo ndlela ivumele konke ukusebenzisana kwesoftware-hardware. Umthelela womshayeli wesistimu mkhulu kakhulu - ngaphandle kwawo, ukwakha nokusebenzisa isofthiwe ngeke kwenzeke.
I-Kernel vs Abashayeli Bemodi Yomsebenzisi - Uyini Umehluko?
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokushayela idivayisi - lezo zebhodi lomama, i-BIOS, amadivaysi abonakalayo, njalonjalo. Kodwa-ke, zivame ukuhlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili ezibanzi - i-kernel kanye nezishayeli zemodi yomsebenzisi. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwakho kokubili? Ake sibhekisise futhi sizame ukuhlukanisa:
Abashayeli be-Kernel
Izishayeli ze-Kernel zisetshenziselwa ukulayisha isistimu yokusebenza kumemori. Njengoba kunomkhawulo kubashayeli be-Kernel uhlelo olungasebenza ngasikhathi sinye ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwabo okuphezulu kwe-CPU nomthelela wohlelo, amadivaysi emodi ye-Kernel ngokuvamile agcinelwe imisebenzi ethembeke kakhulu yeleveli ye-kernel yekhompyutha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusebenzisa i-BIOS, i-motherboard, iprosesa, njalonjalo.
Umsebenzisi we-PC kufanele akhumbule ukuthi ukuphahlazeka komshayeli we-kernel kungaba yingozi ohlelweni futhi kuphahlaze i-PC yonke.
Abashayeli Bemodi Yomsebenzisi
Umshayeli wemodi yomsebenzisi usetshenziswa lapho umsebenzisi we-PC ecupha isimo lapho ingxenye entsha yehadiwe (hhayi okusekelwe ku-kernel) ixhunywe kukhompuyutha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amadivayisi amaningi we-plug-and-play - amaphrinta, amakhibhodi, ama-microphone, njll. Ngokungafani nomshayeli we-kernel, imodi yomsebenzisi ayinakho ukufinyelela okuqondile ku-hardware - umshayeli usebenzisana nazo zonke izici zehadiwe nge-API yesistimu.
Izindaba ezinhle mayelana nabashayeli bemodi yomsebenzisi ukuthi ukuphahlazeka kwabo akubulali neze. Isistimu isengatholwa ngemuva kokuthi umshayeli eyeke ukuphendula.
Ukuze wehlise umthelela wesistimu wezishayeli zemodi yomsebenzisi, ungawabhalela kudiski. Okuwukuphela kwento ehlukile kulo mkhuba abashayeli bemidlalo okungcono ukuthi bagcinwe ku-RAM.
Ezinye Izinhlobo Zabashayeli
Kunezinye izigaba zabashayeli ngokusekelwe ezinhlosweni zabo nokusebenza kwabo. Kuleli bhulokhi, uzothola mayelana nezinhlobo eziyinhloko zabashayeli bedivayisi kanye nomehluko phakathi kwabo.
Vimba vs Izinhlamvu
Kokubili izishayeli ze-block kanye nezinhlamvu zisetshenziselwa ukufunda nokubhala idatha. Ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa, ama-USB, ama-hard disk nama-CD-ROM angahlukaniswa njengokukodwa noma okunye.
Abashayeli bezinhlamvu bhala uhlamvu olulodwa lwedatha elilingana nebhayithi yolwazi ngesikhathi. Umthetho wesithupha ukuthi noma iyiphi idivayisi exhunywe embobeni ye-serial isebenzisa umshayeli wezinhlamvu. Lolu hlobo luphinde lusetshenziselwe amabhasi e-serial. Igundane, njengedivaysi ye-serial, iyisibonelo esiqinile sokusebenzisa abashayeli bezinhlamvu.
Vimbela abashayeli , ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingakwazi ukufunda nokubhala izinhlamvu eziningi ngesikhathi. Igama lohlobo lisuselwa kumodeli yalo yokusebenza. Umshayeli we-block usebenza ngokudala ibhulokhi futhi ayigcwalise ngedatha eningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Uhlobo olunjalo lomshayeli wedivayisi lusetshenziswa i-hard disk noma i-CD-ROM (yakamuva, nokho, idinga i-kernel ukuthi ihlole ukuthi idivayisi ixhumeke ku-PC isikhathi ngasinye uma icelwa inoma iyiphi isofthiwe).
Izishayeli zedivayisi ebonakalayo
Izishayeli zedivayisi ebonakalayo zisetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa isoftware yokulingisa. Izibonelo ezivame kakhulu ezinjalo zihlanganisa izindawo zokuhlola ezibonakalayo noma i-VPN. Ukuze usebenzise i-emulator, uhlelo lungase ludinge ukudala ikhadi lenethiwekhi elibonakalayo - ukuze wenze lokho, umshayeli uyadingeka. Yilapho umshayeli wedivayisi edingekayo edingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-emulator, ukunika amandla uxhumano lwe-inthanethi, nokunye.
I-Generic vs Original Equipment Manufacturer
Omunye umehluko okufanele udwetshwe phakathi kwezishayeli zedivayisi usekutholeni ukuthi ziyi-generic noma i-OEM (umkhiqizi wemishini yasekuqaleni) -ahlobene.
Noma yimuphi umshayeli osetshenziswa uhlelo lokusebenza, cishe, generic . Okuhlobene ne-OEM kungasetshenziswa abashicileli besofthiwe abahlukahlukene noma kuqondiswe idivayisi ethile.
Windows 10, ngokwesibonelo, isebenza kusetshenziswa abashayeli abajwayelekile.
Kodwa-ke, uma kungekho umshayeli ojwayelekile wezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha ezithile eziklanyelwe ukuxhunywa ku-PC, umenzi uzoklama ubunikazi obuzoba Okuhlobene ne-OEM . Umsebenzisi kuzodingeka azifakele la mashayeli mathupha ngemva kokuxhuma okokusebenza kudivayisi.
Okuvamile ngeminyaka yawo-1990 nasekuqaleni kwawo-2000, abashayeli be-OEM sebeyivelakancane manje njengoba izinhlobo eziningi zisebenzisa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Ukuphathwa komshayeli wedivayisi
Manje njengoba usuwazi okwengeziwe ngabashayeli, ungase uzibuze ukuthi ungalubonaphi uhlu lwabo bonke abashayeli abagijimayo balawula ukusebenza kwabo kanye nomthelela wesistimu. Konke okungenhla kungabhekwa kokuthi Isiphathi Sedivayisi, esitholakala kuzo zonke izinguqulo ze-Windows. Isikhathi esiningi, asikho isidingo sokuphatha noma shintsha abashayeli njengoba zivame ukufakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Noma kunjalo, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi usebenzisa inguqulo yakamuva yazo zonke izishayeli zedivayisi, ungakhohlwa ukubheka I-Windows Update Manager njalo ngemva kwesikhashana. Ukubuyekeza abashayeli kungokwabasebenzisi, akuwona umthwalo womkhiqizi.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, kunenqwaba yamathuluzi okuvuselela abashayeli emakethe. Bazohlola iwebhu ukuthola izinguqulo ezintsha futhi bazifake ngokuzenzakalelayo. Khumbula ukuthi izibuyekezo zomshayeli ziyi njalo mahhala . Noma ubani okutshela ukuthi ukhokhele inguqulo entsha, uzokhishwa. Naka imikhonyovu efanayo futhi uyigweme.
Isiphetho
Izishayeli zedivayisi zinomthelela omkhulu uma kuziwa kulwazi lomsebenzisi olushelelayo kanye noxhumo olusebenzayo lwe-software-hardware. Ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zabashayeli ezivamile kanye nesisekelo sabaphathi bazo kuzothuthukisa ukuzethemba kwakho njengomsebenzisi we-PC futhi kukuvikele ekuqoqweni abahlaseli.
- Indlela Yokuvuselela Ukufaka Kabusha Umshayeli Wokubonisa Ku-Windows 10, 8.1 no-7
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