Uke waqaphela isivinini sokukhula kwe-inthanethi yakho lapho uxhumeke ku-Wi-Fi ngokumelene nathi usebenzisa nje evamile Inethiwekhi ye-4G ? Nokho, kufanele ubonge irutha ye-Wi-Fi ngalokho, kwenza ukuzizwisa kwethu ukuphequlula kungabi nazihibe. Kuya ngokuthi uhlala kuliphi izwe, ukuhluka kwesivinini kungaba kabili uma kungengaphezulu. Siphila esikhathini lapho ijubane le-inthanethi likhuphuke kakhulu kangangokuthi manje silinganisa isivinini sethu se-intanethi ku-Gigabits ngokuphambene namakhilobhithi eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Kungokwemvelo ngathi ukulindela intuthuko emishinini yethu engenantambo kanye nokuvela kobuchwepheshe obusha obujabulisayo obuvela emakethe engenazintambo.
Okuqukethwe[ fihla ]
- Iyini i-Wi-Fi Router?
- Yiziphi izinzuzo ze-Router?
- Iyini imisebenzi ye-Router?
- Isebenza kanjani i-Routing?
- Amarutha we-Wi-Fi
- Yini ehlukile nge-Wi-Fi 6 kuneyandulelayo?
- Kuzokwenzekani kumadivayisi ami amadala e-WI-FI?
Iyini i-Wi-Fi Router?
Ngamagama alula, irutha ye-Wi-Fi ayilutho ngaphandle kwebhokisi elincane elinama-antenna amafushane elisiza ukudlulisa i-inthanethi endlini yakho yonke noma ehhovisi.
Irutha iyisisetshenziswa sehadiwe esisebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwemodemu nekhompyutha. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, ihambisa ithrafikhi phakathi kwamadivayisi owasebenzisayo ne-inthanethi. Ukukhetha uhlobo olulungile lwerutha kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ulwazi lwe-inthanethi olushesha kakhulu, ukuvikela ezinsongweni ze-inthanethi, izindonga zomlilo, njll.
Kulungile uma ungenalo ulwazi lobuchwepheshe lokuthi i-router isebenza kanjani. Ake siqonde esibonelweni esilula sokuthi i-router isebenza kanjani.
Ungase ube nezinhlobonhlobo zamadivayisi afana nama-smartphone, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, amathebulethi, amaphrinta, ama-smart TV, nokunye okuningi okuxhumeke ku-inthanethi. Lezi zisetshenziswa zihlangene zakha inethiwekhi ebizwa ngokuthi i Inethiwekhi Yendawo Yendawo (FUTHI). Ukuba khona kwamadivayisi amaningi nangaphezulu ku- KANYE kuholela ekusetshenzisweni komkhawulokudonsa ohlukile kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene asetshenziswayo, okungase kubangele ukubambezeleka noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-inthanethi kwamanye amadivayisi.
Yilapho irutha ingena khona ngokunika amandla ukudluliswa kolwazi kuwo wonke lawa madivayisi kalula ngokuqondisa ithrafikhi engenayo naphumayo ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
Omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko ye-router ukwenza njenge-a Ihabhu noma Shintsha phakathi kwamakhompyutha okuvumela ukufana kwedatha nokudlulisa phakathi kwawo ukuthi kwenzeke ngaphandle komthungo.
Ukucubungula zonke lezi zibalo ezinkulu zedatha engenayo nephumayo, i-router kufanele ihlakaniphe, ngakho-ke i-router iyikhompyutha ngendlela yayo njengoba ine-router. I-CPU neMemori, esiza ukubhekana nedatha engenayo nephumayo.
I-router evamile yenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene eyinkimbinkimbi njenge
- Ukunikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha kusuka ku-firewall
- Ukudluliswa kwedatha phakathi kwamakhompyutha noma amadivayisi enethiwekhi asebenzisa uxhumano lwe-inthanethi olufanayo
- Nika amandla ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi kumadivayisi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa
Yiziphi izinzuzo ze-Router?
1. Iletha amasignali e-wifi asheshayo
Amarutha e-Wi-Fi enkathi yesimanje asebenzisa amadivayisi ungqimba 3 ngokuvamile anebanga elingu-2.4 GHz ukuya ku-5 GHz elisiza ekunikezeni amasignali e-Wi-Fi asheshayo nobubanzi obunwetshiwe kunamazinga wangaphambilini.
2. Ukwethembeka
Irutha ihlukanisa inethiwekhi ethintekile futhi idlulise idatha kwamanye amanethiwekhi asebenza kahle, okuyenza ibe umthombo othembekile.
3. Ukuphatheka
Irutha engenantambo iqeda isidingo soxhumano lwezintambo namadivayisi ngokuthumela amasignali e-Wi-Fi, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokuphatheka kwenethiwekhi yamadivayisi axhunyiwe.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zama-router:
a) Irutha enentambo: Ixhuma ngqo kumakhompyutha isebenzisa izintambo ngokusebenzisa imbobo ezinikele evumela umzila ukuthi usabalalise ulwazi
b) Irutha engenantambo: Kuyirutha yesimanjemanje esabalalisa ulwazi ngezinti ngaphandle kwentambo kumadivayisi amaningi axhunywe kunethiwekhi yendawo yendawo.
Ukuze siqonde ukusebenza kwe-router, sidinga kuqala sibheke izingxenye. Izingxenye eziyisisekelo ze-router zifaka:
- Umthombo wolwazi noma ithebula lomzila
- Izindleko zokuthatha indlela ngayinye - imethrikhi
- I-Id Yenethiwekhi - Ikheli le-IP lendawo
- Imethrikhi - indlela okufanele iphakethe ledatha lithunyelwe ngayo.
- I-Hop - isango lapho amaphakethe edatha kufanele athunyelwe ukuze afinyelele lapho uya khona.
- Irutha ifunda ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi lephakethe ledatha engenayo
- Ngokusekelwe kule phakethe ledatha engenayo, ikhetha indlela efanele isebenzisa amathebula omzila.
- Amaphakethe wedatha abe esedluliselwa ekhelini le-IP lokugcina kusetshenziswa ama-hops kusetshenziswa ithebula lokudlulisela phambili.
- ukuguquguquka
- imifudlana yendawo
- ukuhlanganiswa kwesiteshi
Iyini imisebenzi ye-Router?
Umzila
Omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko yomzila ukudlulisa amaphakethe edatha ngomzila oshiwo kuthebula lomzila.
Isebenzisa iziqondiso ezithile zangaphakathi ezilungiselelwe ngaphambili ezibizwa ngokuthi imizila emile yokudlulisa idatha phakathi koxhumano olungenayo nokuphumayo lokusebenzelana.
Irutha ingase futhi isebenzise umzila oguquguqukayo lapho idlulisela khona amaphakethe edatha ngemizila ehlukene ngokusekelwe ezimeni ezingaphakathi kwesistimu.
Umzila omile unikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ohlelweni uma kuqhathaniswa nokuguquguqukayo njengoba ithebula lomzila lingashintshi ngaphandle uma umsebenzisi elishintsha mathupha.
Kunconyiwe: Lungisa Irutha Engenantambo Ilokhu Inqamula Noma Iwa
Ukunqunywa kwendlela
Amarutha acabangela ezinye izindlela eziningi ukuze afinyelele endaweni efanayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuzimisela kwendlela. Izinto ezimbili eziyinhloko ezicatshangelwa ukunqunywa kwendlela yilezi:
Ukunquma indlela elungile, umzila usesha kuthebula lomzila ukuze uthole ikheli lenethiwekhi elifana ngokuphelele nekheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi lephakethe lendawo.
Amathebula omzila
Ithebula lomzila linesendlalelo sobuhlakani benethiwekhi esiqondisa irutha ukuthi idlulisele amaphakethe edatha endaweni okuyiwa kuyo. Iqukethe izinhlangano zenethiwekhi ezisiza irutha ukuthi ifinyelele ikheli le-IP okuyiwa kulo ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Ithebula lomzila liqukethe ulwazi olulandelayo:
Ezokuphepha
Irutha ihlinzeka ngesendlalelo esengeziwe sokuphepha kunethiwekhi isebenzisa i-firewall evimbela noma yiluphi uhlobo lobugebengu be-inthanethi noma ukugebenga. I-firewall isofthiwe ekhethekile ehlaziya idatha engenayo evela emaphaketheni futhi ivikele inethiwekhi ekuhlaselweni kwe-cyber.
Ama-routers nawo ahlinzeka I-Virtual Private Network (VPN) okunikeza isendlalelo esingeziwe sokuvikela kunethiwekhi bese ngokwenza kanjalo sikhiqize uxhumano oluvikelekile.
Ithebula lokudlulisela phambili
Ukudlulisela phambili kuyinqubo yangempela yokudluliswa kwamaphakethe edatha kuzo zonke izendlalelo. Ithebula lomzila lisiza ukukhetha umzila ongcono kakhulu ngesikhathi ithebula lokudlulisela phambili libeka umzila esenzweni.
Isebenza kanjani i-Routing?
Ngamagama alula, ukuqondisa kuyinqubo yokudlulisa amaphakethe edatha ukusuka endaweni A kuya endaweni B usebenzisa ulwazi oludingekayo ngendlela efanele.
Shintsha
Iswishi idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwabelaneni ngolwazi kuwo wonke amadivayisi axhumeke kwelinye. Ukushintsha ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa amanethiwekhi amakhulu lapho wonke amadivayisi axhumeke ndawonye akha Inethiwekhi Yendawo Yendawo (LAN). Ngokungafani nerutha, iswishi ithumela amaphakethe edatha kuphela kudivayisi ethile elungiselelwe umsebenzisi.
Singaqonda okwengeziwe ngesibonelo esincane:
Ake sithi ufuna ukuthumela isithombe kumngane wakho ku-WhatsApp. Lapho nje uthumela isithombe somngane wakho, umthombo nekheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi liyanqunywa, futhi isithombe sihlukaniswa sibe izingcezu ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi amaphakethe wedatha okufanele athunyelwe endaweni yokugcina.
Irutha isiza ukuthola indlela ekahle yokudlulisa lawa maphakethe wedatha ekhelini le-IP okuyiwa kulo usebenzisa ama-algorithms omzila nokudlulisela nokuphatha ithrafikhi kunethiwekhi yonkana. Uma umzila owodwa uminyene, irutha ithola yonke eminye imizila engaba khona yokuletha amaphakethe ekhelini le-IP okuyiwa kulo.
Amarutha we-Wi-Fi
Namuhla, sizungezwe izindawo eziningi zokufinyelela ze-Wi-Fi kunanoma yisiphi isikhathi emlandweni, zonke zisebenza kanzima ukuze zinikeze amadivayisi amaningi alambele idatha.
Kunezimpawu eziningi ze-Wi-Fi, ezinamandla nezibuthakathaka ngokufanayo kangangokuthi ukube besinendlela ekhethekile yokuyibona, bekungaba nokungcoliswa okukhulu kwendawo yomoya nxazonke.
Manje, uma singena ezindaweni eziminyana kakhulu nezidingeka kakhulu njengezikhumulo zezindiza, izitolo zekhofi, imicimbi, njll. ukugxila kwabasebenzisi abaningi abanamadivayisi angenantambo kuyanda. Lapho abantu bezama kakhulu ukungena ku-inthanethi, inani eliningi lobunzima indawo yokufinyelela lidlula kuzo ukuze kusetshenziswe ukwanda okukhulu kwesidingo. Lokhu kunciphisa umkhawulokudonsa otholakala kumsebenzisi ngamunye futhi kunciphisa isivinini ngokuphawulekayo, okuholela ezinkingeni zokubambezeleka.
I 802.11 umndeni we-Wi-Fi ihlehlela emuva ku-1997 futhi zonke isibuyekezo sokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza ku-Wi-Fi kusukela lapho senziwe ezindaweni ezintathu, ezisetshenziswe njengemethrikhi ukulandelela ukuthuthukiswa futhi
I-modulation inqubo yokulolonga igagasi le-analogi ukuze lidlulise idatha, njenganoma iyiphi ishuni yomsindo ehla enyuka ize ifike ezindlebeni zethu (umamukeli). Leli gagasi elithile lichazwa imvamisa lapho i-amplitude nesigaba kuguqulwa khona ukuze kuboniswe izingcezu ezihlukile zolwazi kulokho okuqondiwe. Ngakho-ke, Ukuqina kokuvama, ukuxhumana okungcono, kodwa njengomsindo, kuningi esingakwenza ukuze sikhulise ivolumu uma kukhona ukuphazamiseka kweminye imisindo kukhona amasignali omsakazo esimweni sethu, ikhwalithi iyahlupheka.
Ukusakazwa Kwendawo kufana nokuba nemifudlana eminingi yamanzi ephuma emthonjeni owodwa womfula. Umthombo womfula ungaba namandla impela, kodwa umfudlana owodwa awukwazi ukuthwala inani eliphezulu kangaka lamanzi, ngakho uhlukaniswa ube yimifudlana eminingi ukuze ufinyelele umgomo wokugcina wokuhlangana endaweni yokulondoloza evamile.
I-Wi-Fi yenza lokhu isebenzisa izimpondo eziningi lapho ukusakazwa okuningi kwedatha kuxhumana nedivayisi eqondiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi I-MIMO (Okokufaka Okuningi – Okokufaka Okuningi)
Uma lokhu kusebenzisana kwenzeka phakathi kokuhlosiwe okuningi, kwaziwa ngokuthi Abasebenzisi Abaningi(MU-MIMO), kodwa nakhu okubanjwayo, okuqondiwe kudinga ukuba kude ngokwanele komunye nomunye.
Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi inethiwekhi isebenza esiteshini esisodwa, I-Channel Bonding akulutho kodwa ukuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa okuncane kwemvamisa ethile ukuze kwandiswe amandla phakathi kwamadivayisi aqondiwe. I-wireless Spectrum ilinganiselwe kakhulu kumafrikhwensi athile namashaneli. Ngeshwa, iningi lamadivayisi lisebenza ngemvamisa efanayo, ngakho-ke noma sikhulisa ukubopha kwesiteshi, kungaba nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle okungehlisa izinga lesiginali.
Funda futhi: Ungalithola Kanjani Ikheli Le-IP Lomzila Wami?
Yini ehlukile nge-Wi-Fi 6 kuneyandulelayo?
Ngamafuphi kuye kwathuthukiswa kusivinini, ukuthembeka, ukuzinza, inombolo yoxhumo, nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.
Uma sijula kukho, siqala ukuqaphela ukuthi yini eyenza I-Wi-Fi 6 isebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi ukwengezwa kwe-4th metric Airtime Efficiency . Kuso sonke lesi sikhathi, sehlulekile ukuphendula ngesisetshenziswa esinqunyelwe i-wireless frequency okuyiyo. Ngakho-ke, amadivaysi angagcwalisa amashaneli amaningi noma imvamisa kunesidingo futhi axhumeke isikhathi eside kunalokho okudingekayo, ngamagama alula, ukungcola okungasebenzi kahle.
Iphrothokholi ye-Wi-Fi 6 (802.11 ax) ibhekana nale nkinga nayo I-OFDMA (ukufinyelela okuningi kwe-Orthogonal frequency-division) lapho ukudluliswa kwedatha kuthuthukiswa futhi kuhlanganiswe ukuze kusetshenziswe inani elidingekayo lensiza eceliwe. Lokhu kwabelwa futhi kulawulwa i-Access Point ukuze kulethwe ukulayishwa kwedatha okuhlosiwe okuceliwe futhi kusebenzisa i-Downlink ne-Uplink I-MU-MIMO (abasebenzisi abaningi, okokufaka okuningi, ukuphuma okuningi) ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kwedatha phakathi kwamadivayisi. Ngokusebenzisa i-OFDMA, amadivayisi e-Wi-Fi angathumela futhi amukele amaphakethe edatha kunethiwekhi yendawo ngesivinini esiphezulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokuhambisana.
Ukudluliswa okuhambisanayo kwedatha kuthuthukisa ukudluliswa kwedatha kunethiwekhi yonkana ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu ngaphandle kokwenza ukwehla kwezivinini ezikhona ze-downlink.
Kuzokwenzekani kumadivayisi ami amadala e-WI-FI?
Leli izinga elisha le-Wi-Fi elibekwe yi-International Wi-Fi Alliance ngo-September 2019. I-Wi-Fi 6 ihambisana nokubuyela emuva, kodwa kunezinguquko ezithile zezimonyo.
Yonke inethiwekhi esixhuma kuyo isebenza ngesivinini esihlukile, ukubambezeleka, kanye nomkhawulokudonsa oshiwo ngohlamvu oluthile ngemva kwalokho 802.11, njenge-802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11n kanye ne-802.11ac osekudide ngisho nabangcono kakhulu kithina.
Konke lokhu kudideka kwaqedwa nge-Wi-Fi 6, futhi umfelandawonye we-Wi-Fi washintsha umhlangano wokuqamba ngalena. Yonke inguqulo ye-Wi-Fi ngaphambi kwalokhu izofakwa inombolo phakathi kwe-Wi-Fi 1-5 ukuze kube lula ukusho.
Isiphetho
Ukuqonda kahle imisebenzi yomzila kusisiza ukuthi sizulazule futhi sixazulule izinkinga ezihlukahlukene esingase sibhekane nazo ngamarutha ethu kanye namarutha e-Wi-Fi. Sigcizelele kakhulu i-Wi-Fi 6, njengoba iwubuchwepheshe obusha obusha obungenawaya okufanele sihambisane nabo. I-Wi-Fi isizophazamisa nje kuphela izisetshenziswa zethu zokuxhumana kodwa nezinto zethu zansuku zonke njengeziqandisi, imishini yokuwasha, izimoto, njll. amathebula, ukudlulisela phambili, amaswishi, amahabhu, njll. kusewumqondo obalulekile oqhuba intuthuko ethokozisayo esezoshintsha izimpilo zethu zibe zinhle.
Aditya Farrad U-Aditya uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe ozikhuthazayo futhi ube ngumbhali wezobuchwepheshe kule minyaka engu-7 edlule. Ukhava izinsiza ze-inthanethi, iselula, iWindows, isoftware, kanye nemihlahlandlela yokuthi ungazenza kanjani.
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