Insiza Yesistimu: Ukuba nobuhlakani kuyisici esikhangayo emhlabeni wonke, lokho okuhlakaniphile okungalingani nakho ukuba nezinsiza eziningi umuntu anazo kodwa ikhono lokukhulisa amandla omuntu noma izinsiza eziyivelakancane azitholayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Lokhu akulona iqiniso kuphela emhlabeni wangempela kodwa naku-hardware kanye nesofthiwe esizoyisebenzisa ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Ukubeka izinto ngombono, yize izimoto ezigxile ekusebenzeni zifiswa, zidlalwa ngamaphupho, futhi zinxanelwa abaningi akuwona wonke umuntu ozogcina ethenge imoto yezemidlalo noma ibhayisikili lezemidlalo noma ngabe ubenayo indlela uma ubuza iningi labantu ukuthi kungani abazange bathenge imoto enjalo impendulo yabo izoba ukuthi ayisebenzi.
Manje, okushoyo ukuthi ngisho njengomphakathi ukukhetha kwethu kutshekela ekusebenzeni kahle. Izimoto ezikhanga kakhulu ngobuningi azikhangi ngokwedlulele kodwa ezikunikezayo ukusebenza kahle ngokwezindleko, ukonga kukaphethiloli kanye nokunakekelwa. Ngakho-ke ukuba nehardware ebiza kakhulu ngeke kuyinqamule uma idonsa amandla amaningi okuvele uhlele isipredishithi esilula esingenziwa nange-smartphone kulezi zinsuku noma ukufaka nje umdlalo obiza kakhulu noma isoftware ngeke yenze noma liyabanda uma nje silivula. Impendulo yalokho okwenza okuthile kube yimpumelelo yikhono lokuphatha izinsiza ezitholakalayo ngendlela ehlakaniphe kakhulu esinikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kwenani elincane lamandla nezindleko zensiza.
Okuqukethwe[ fihla ]
- Iyini insiza yesistimu?
- Izinhlobo ezihlukene Zezinsiza Zesistimu
- Yimaphi amaphutha angenzeka kokuthi Izinsiza Zesistimu?
- Singawalungisa kanjani Amaphutha Wensiza Yesistimu?
- Isiphetho
Iyini insiza yesistimu?
Incazelo emfushane necacile yalokhu kungaba, ikhono lesistimu yokusebenza ukwenza imisebenzi ecelwe ngumsebenzisi lisebenzisa yonke ihadiwe nesoftware ngokwamandla alo.
Ngenxa yentuthuko esheshayo kubuchwepheshe incazelo yesistimu yekhompiyutha idlulele ngale kwebhokisi elinamalambu acwayizayo anekhibhodi, isikrini, negundane elinamathiselwe kulo. Omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, amaphilisi, amakhompuyutha ebhodi elilodwa, njll. bawuguqule ngokuphelele umqondo wekhompyutha. Kodwa, ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo obusekela zonke lezi zimangaliso zanamuhla abukashintshi. Okuthile okungeke kushintshe noma nini maduze.
Ake sijule ukuthi sisebenza kanjani insiza yesistimu? Njenganoma iyiphi insiza lapho sivula ikhompuyutha yethu, iqinisekisa futhi iqinisekise konke ukuphuma kwamanje. izingxenye zehadiwe ixhunywe kuyo, bese ingena ku- I-Windows Registry . Lapha, ulwazi lwamakhono kanye nayo yonke indawo yamahhala, inani le-RAM, imidiya yangaphandle yokugcina, njll.
Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, isistimu yokusebenza iqala amasevisi angemuva nezinqubo futhi. Lokhu ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha kwezinsiza ezikhona. Isb., uma sifake uhlelo lokulwa namagciwane nanoma iyiphi isofthiwe edinga ukubuyekezwa njalo. Lezi zinsizakalo ziqala kahle lapho sivula i-PC, futhi ziqala ukubuyekeza noma ukuskena amafayela ngemuva ukuze vele ukuvikela nokusigcina sibuyekeza.
Isicelo sensiza kungaba yisevisi uhlelo lokusebenza, kanye nohlelo, oluyidingayo noma lwezinhlelo ezizosebenza uma kucelwa umsebenzisi. Ngakho-ke, lapho sivula uhlelo, luhamba lubheka zonke izinsiza ezitholakalayo ukuze luqalise. Lapho kuhlolwa ukuthi zonke izidingo ziyahlangatshezwa yini uhlelo lusebenza ngendlela ehlosiwe ngayo. Kodwa-ke, uma imfuneko ingahlangatshezwana nayo, isistimu yokusebenza, ihlola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezixhumene naleyo nsiza yokuthusa bese izama ukuyinqamula.
Okufanelekile, uma isicelo sicela noma iyiphi insiza, kufanele isibuyisele kodwa kaningi, izicelo ezicelile izinsiza ezithile zigcina zinganikezi insiza eceliwe lapho kuqedwa umsebenzi. Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi uhlelo lwethu lokusebenza noma isistimu iba yiqhwa ngenxa yokuthi enye isevisi noma uhlelo lokusebenza luthatha insiza edingekayo ukuze lusebenze ngemuva. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi wonke amasistimu ethu eza nenani elilinganiselwe lezinsiza. Ngakho, ukuyiphatha kubaluleke kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezihlukene Zezinsiza Zesistimu
Insiza Yesistimu isetshenziswa ihadiwe noma isofthiwe ukuxhumana. Uma isofthiwe ifuna ukuthumela idatha kudivayisi, njengalapho ufuna ukulondoloza ifayela kusigcinalwazi noma lapho ihadiwe idinga ukunakwa, njengalapho sicindezela ukhiye kukhibhodi.
Kunezinhlobo ezine zezinsiza zesistimu esizohlangana nazo ngenkathi sisebenza uhlelo, yilezi:
- Iziteshi ze-Direct Memory Access (DMA).
- Phakamisa imigqa yesicelo (IRQ)
- Amakheli okokufaka nawokuphumayo
- Amakheli enkumbulo
Uma sicindezela ukhiye kukhibhodi, ikhibhodi ifuna ukwazisa i-CPU ukuthi ukhiye icindezelwe kodwa njengoba i-CPU isivele imatasa isebenzisa enye inqubo ekhona manje singayimisa ize iqedele umsebenzi osuwenzile.
Ukuze sibhekane nalokhu bekufanele senze okuthile okubizwa ngokuthi phazamisa imigqa yesicelo (IRQ) , yenza khona kanye lokho okuzwakala sengathi iphazamisa i-CPU futhi yazisa i-CPU ukuthi kunesicelo esisha esivele kukhibhodi, ngakho ikhibhodi ibeka i-voltage kulayini we-IRQ eyabelwe yona. Le voltage isebenza njengesignali ye-CPU yokuthi kukhona idivayisi enesicelo esidinga ukucutshungulwa.
Isistimu yokusebenza ihlobene nenkumbulo njengohlu olude lwamaseli engalusebenzisela ukubamba idatha nemiyalelo, ngandlela-thile njengesipredishithi esinohlangothi olulodwa. Cabanga ngekheli lenkumbulo njengenombolo yesihlalo setiyetha, isihlalo ngasinye sinikezwe inombolo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona ohlezi kuso noma cha. Umuntu ohlezi esihlalweni angaba uhlobo oluthile lwedatha noma imiyalelo. Isistimu yokusebenza ayibhekiseli kumuntu ngegama kodwa ngenombolo yesihlalo kuphela. Isibonelo, isistimu yokusebenza ingase ithi, ifuna ukuphrinta idatha kumemori yekheli 500. Lawa makheli avame ukuboniswa esikrinini njengenombolo ye-hexadecimal kufomu le-segment offset.
Amakheli okokufaka-okukhiphayo abuye abizwe nje ngokuthi izimbobo, i-CPU ingawasebenzisa ukuze ifinyelele kumadivayisi wehadiwe ngendlela efanayo esebenzisa amakheli ememori ukuze ifinyelele inkumbulo ebonakalayo. I ikheli lebhasi ebhodini lomama ngesinye isikhathi iphatha amakheli enkumbulo futhi kwesinye isikhathi iphathe amakheli okokufaka okukhiphayo.
Uma ibhasi lekheli lisethwe ukuthi liphathe amakheli okokufaka, i-hardware ngayinye izolalela leli bhasi. Isibonelo, uma i-CPU ifuna ukuxhumana nekhibhodi, izobeka ikheli Lokokufaka-Okukhiphayo lekhibhodi ebhasini lekheli.
Uma ikheli selibekiwe, i-CPU imemezela ikheli kubo bonke uma amadivayisi Okokufaka-Okukhiphayo akumugqa wekheli. Manje zonke izilawuli ze-input-output zilalela ikheli lazo, isilawuli se-hard drive sithi hhayi ikheli lami, isilawuli se-floppy disk sithi hhayi ikheli lami kodwa isilawuli sekhibhodi sithi eyami, ngizophendula. Ngakho-ke, yileyo ndlela ikhibhodi egcina ngayo ukusebenzisana nephrosesa lapho ukhiye ucindezelwa. Enye indlela yokucabanga ngendlela yokusebenza imigqa yekheli Lokufaka-Okuphumayo ebhasini ifana nolayini wephathi yocingo endala - Wonke amadivaysi azwa amakheli kodwa munye kuphela ophendulayo ekugcineni.
Enye insiza yesistimu esetshenziswa ihadiwe nesoftware yi-a Ukufinyelela Inkumbulo Okuqondile (DMA) isiteshi. Lena indlela yesinqamuleli evumela idivayisi yokukhiphayo ukuthi ithumele idatha ngokuqondile kumemori yeqa i-CPU ngokuphelele. Amanye amadivaysi afana nephrinta aklanyelwe ukusebenzisa amashaneli e-DMA kanti amanye njengegundane awekho. Iziteshi ze-DMA azidumile njengoba zazinjalo ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwazo kuzenza zihambe kancane kunezindlela ezintsha. Nokho, amadivaysi anensayo njengama-floppy drives, amakhadi omsindo, namatape drive asengasebenzisa amashaneli e-DMA.
Ngakho-ke ngokuyisisekelo amadivayisi wehadiwe abiza i-CPU ukuze inakwe kusetshenziswa Izicelo Zokuphazamisa. Isofthiwe ibiza izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ngekheli lokufaka lokukhiphayo ledivayisi yehadiwe. Isofthiwe ibheka imemori njengedivaysi yehadiwe futhi iyibize ngekheli lememori. Amashaneli e-DMA adlulisa idatha emuva naphambili phakathi kwemishini yehadiwe nememori.
Kunconyiwe: Amathiphu ayi-11 Okuthuthukisa Windows 10 Ukusebenza Okunensayo
Ngakho-ke, yileyo ndlela i-hardware exhumana ngayo nesofthiwe ukuze yabe futhi iphathe izinsiza zesistimu kahle.
Yimaphi amaphutha angenzeka kokuthi Izinsiza Zesistimu?
Amaphutha wensiza yesistimu, mabi kakhulu. Umzuzwana owodwa sisebenzisa ikhompuyutha konke kuhamba kahle okudingekayo nje wuhlelo olulodwa olulambele izinsiza, chofoza kabili leso sithonjana bese uthi sala kahle ohlelweni olusebenzayo. Kodwa kungani lokho, nokho, ukuhlela okubi kungenzeka kodwa kuba nzima nakakhulu ngoba lokhu kwenzeka nasezinhlelweni zokusebenza zesimanje. Noma yiluphi uhlelo olusetshenziswayo ludinga ukwazisa isistimu yokusebenza ukuthi ingakanani izinsiza engase ilidinge ukuze isebenze futhi icacise ukuthi ingadinga isikhathi esingakanani leyo nsiza. Kwesinye isikhathi, lokho kungase kungenzeki ngenxa yesimo senqubo eqhutshwa uhlelo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuza kwenkumbulo . Kodwa-ke, uhlelo kufanele lubuyisele inkumbulo noma insiza yesistimu oluyicelile ngaphambili.
Futhi uma ingenzeki singase sibone amaphutha afana nalawa:
- Ikhompyutha yakho inenkumbulo encane
- Uhlelo luphansi ngokuyingozi ezinsizeni
- Izinsiza zesistimu ezinganele zikhona ukuze kuqedelwe isevisi eceliwe
Futhi nokuningi.
Singawalungisa kanjani Amaphutha Wensiza Yesistimu?
Inhlanganisela yokhiye abangu-3 bomlingo ‘Alt’ + ‘Del’ + ‘Ctrl’, lokhu kufanele kube yisisekelo sanoma ubani obhekene nesistimu yokuba yiqhwa evamile. Ukucindezela lokhu kusiyisa ngqo kusiphathi somsebenzi. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sibuke zonke izinsiza zesistimu ezisetshenziswa izinhlelo namasevisi ahlukahlukene.
Ngokuvamile kunalokho sizokwazi ukuthola ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza noma uhlelo oludla inkumbulo eningi noma ukwenza inani eliphezulu lediski lifundeke futhi libhale. Lapho sithola lokhu ngempumelelo sizokwazi ukubuyisela insiza yesistimu elahlekile ngokuqeda uhlelo oluyinkinga ngokuphelele noma ngokukhipha uhlelo. Uma kungelona uhlelo kungaba yinzuzo kithi ukuthi sibheke esigabeni sezinsizakalo zomphathi womsebenzi esingadalula ukuthi iyiphi isevisi edlayo noma ethatha izinsiza ngokuthula ngemuva kwalokho sigebenga le nsiza yesistimu eyivelakancane.
Kukhona izinsiza eziqala lapho uhlelo lokusebenza luqala lezi zibizwa izinhlelo zokuqalisa , singawathola esigabeni sokuqala sesiphathi somsebenzi. Ubuhle balesi sigaba ukuthi akudingeki senze ukusesha mathupha kuzo zonke izinsiza ezilambele izinsiza. Kunalokho, lesi sigaba sibonisa kalula izinsiza ezithinta isistimu ngesilinganiso somthelela wokuqalisa. Ngakho-ke, ngokusebenzisa lokhu singakwazi ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinsizakalo ezifanele ukukhutshazwa.
Izinyathelo ezingenhla zingasiza nakanjani uma ikhompuyutha ingaqini ngokuphelele noma uhlelo oluthile luqandisiwe. Kuthiwani uma lonke uhlelo luyiqhwa ngokuphelele? Lapha sizonikezwa ngaphandle kwezinye izinketho azikho izikhiye ezisebenzayo njengoba lonke uhlelo lokusebenza lufriziwe ngenxa yokungatholakali kwensiza edingekayo ukuze lusebenze kodwa ukuqalisa kabusha ikhompuyutha. Lokhu kufanele kulungise inkinga yokuqandisa uma idalwe ngenxa yokungaziphathi kahle noma uhlelo lokusebenza olungahambisani. Lapho sithola ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza olubangele lokhu singaqhubeka sikhiphe uhlelo oluyinkinga.
Kunezikhathi lapho ngisho nezinyathelo ezingenhla ngeke zisebenzise kakhulu uma isistimu iqhubeka ilenga naphezu kwenqubo enemininingwane engenhla. Amathuba ukuthi kungaba yinkinga ehlobene nehadiwe. Ikakhulukazi, kungase kube inkinga nge Inkumbulo yokufinyelela okungahleliwe (RAM) Kulokhu, kuzodingeka sifinyelele i-RAM slot ebhodini lomama lohlelo. Uma kunamamojula amabili e-RAM, singazama ukusebenzisa isistimu nge-RAM eyodwa ngawodwana kokubili, ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi i-RAM enephutha. Uma kutholwa noma iyiphi inkinga nge-RAM, ukufaka esikhundleni se-RAM enephutha kuzogcina kuxazulule inkinga yokuqandisa okubangelwa izinsiza zesistimu ephansi.
Isiphetho
Ngalokhu, sithemba ukuthi uyaqonda ukuthi iyini insiza yesistimu, yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsiza zesistimu ezikhona kunoma iyiphi idivayisi yekhompyutha, hlobo luni lwamaphutha esingawathola emisebenzini yethu yansuku zonke yekhompuyutha, nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene esingakwazi zibophezele ukulungisa izinkinga zensiza yesistimu ephansi ngempumelelo.
Aditya Farrad U-Aditya uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe ozikhuthazayo futhi ube ngumbhali wezobuchwepheshe kule minyaka engu-7 edlule. Ukhava izinsiza ze-inthanethi, iselula, iWindows, isoftware, kanye nemihlahlandlela yokuthi ungazenza kanjani.