Luyini Kahle Isistimu Yefayela? [ICHAZAZI]

Wonke amafayela ohlelweni lwakho agcinwa ku-hard drive noma kwamanye amadivaysi okugcina. Kudingeka isistimu yokugcina lawa mafayela ngendlela ehlelekile. Yilokhu okwenziwa isistimu yefayela. Isistimu yefayela iyindlela yokuhlukanisa idatha kudrayivu futhi igcinwe njengamafayela ahlukene. Lonke ulwazi olumayelana nefayela - igama lalo, uhlobo lwalo, izimvume, nezinye izici kugcinwa ohlelweni lwefayela. Isistimu yefayela igcina inkomba yendawo yefayela ngalinye. Ngale ndlela, isistimu yokusebenza akudingeki inqamule yonke idiski ukuze ithole ifayela.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zamafayela. Uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kanye nesistimu yefayela kufanele kuhambisane. Kulapho kuphela lapho i-OS izokwazi ukubonisa okuqukethwe kwesistimu yefayela futhi yenze eminye imisebenzi kumafayela. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke ukwazi ukusebenzisa lelo sistimu yefayela. Ukulungiswa okukodwa kungaba ukufaka umshayeli wesistimu yefayela ukusekela uhlelo lwefayela.

Okuqukethwe[ fihla ]

• Luyini Kahle Isistimu Yefayela?
• Kungani kunezinhlelo eziningi zamafayela
• Amasistimu wefayela - umbono onemininingwane
• Amasistimu wefayela ajwayelekile
• 1. NTFS
• 2. AMAFUTHA
• Ungakwazi yini ukushintsha phakathi kwamasistimu wefayela?

Luyini Kahle Isistimu Yefayela?

Isistimu yefayela ayilutho ngaphandle kwesizindalwazi esitshela indawo yangempela yedatha kudivayisi yokugcina. Amafayela ahlelwa aba amafolda abuye abizwe ngokuthi izinkomba. Uhla lwemibhalo ngalunye lunohla lwemibhalo oluncane olulodwa noma ngaphezulu olugcina amafayela aqoqwe ngokusekelwe kwezinye izimo.

Lapho kukhona idatha kukhompuyutha, kuphoqelekile ukuba nesistimu yefayela. Ngakho, wonke amakhompyutha anesistimu yefayela.

Kungani kunezinhlelo eziningi zamafayela

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlelo zamafayela. Ayahluka ezicini ezihlukahlukene njengokuthi ahlela kanjani idatha, isivinini, izici ezengeziwe, njll... Amanye amasistimu efayela afaneleka kakhulu kumadrayivu agcina inani elincane ledatha kuyilapho amanye enekhono lokusekela amanani amakhulu edatha. Amanye amasistimu wefayela avikeleke kakhulu. Uma isistimu yefayela ivikelekile futhi iqinile, ingase ingabi eshesha kakhulu. Kungaba nzima ukuthola zonke izici ezinhle kakhulu ohlelweni olulodwa lwefayela.

Ngakho-ke, ngeke kube nengqondo ukuthola ‘isistimu yefayela engcono kakhulu.’ Isistimu yefayela ngayinye yenzelwe injongo ehlukile futhi ngaleyo ndlela inesethi ehlukile yezici. Ngenkathi bethuthukisa isistimu yokusebenza, abathuthukisi baphinde basebenze ekwakheni isistimu yefayela ye-OS. I-Microsoft, i-Apple, ne-Linux banezinhlelo zabo zamafayela. Kulula ukukala isistimu yefayela entsha kudivayisi yokugcina enkulu. Amasistimu wefayela ayathuthuka ngakho-ke amasistimu amasha efayela abonisa izici ezingcono kunamadala.

Ukuklama isistimu yefayela akuwona umsebenzi olula. Ucwaningo oluningi kanye nomsebenzi wekhanda ungena kuwo. Isistimu yefayela ichaza ukuthi imethadatha igcinwa kanjani, amafayela ahlelwa kanjani futhi akhonjwe kanjani, nokunye okuningi. Kunezindlela eziningana lokhu okungenziwa ngazo. Ngakho-ke, nganoma yiluphi uhlelo lwefayela, kukhona njalo indawo yokuthuthukiswa - indlela engcono noma ephumelelayo yokwenza imisebenzi ehlobene nokugcinwa kwefayela.

Funda futhi: Ayini Amathuluzi Okuphatha Windows 10?

Amasistimu wefayela - umbono onemininingwane

Manje ake sijule sijule ukuze siqonde ukuthi amasistimu wamafayela asebenza kanjani. Idivayisi yokugcina ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezibizwa ngokuthi imikhakha. Wonke amafayela agcinwe kule mikhakha. Isistimu yefayela ibona usayizi wefayela bese ilibeka endaweni efanele kudivayisi yokugcina. Imikhakha yamahhala ibhalwe ukuthi ‘ayisetshenzisiwe.’ Isistimu yamafayela ikhomba imikhakha yamahhala futhi yabela amafayela kule mikhakha.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lapho imisebenzi eminingi yokufunda nokubhala yenziwe, idivayisi yokugcina ingena inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukuhlukana. Lokhu ngeke kugwenywe kodwa kudinga ukuhlolwa, ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle kohlelo. I-Defragmentation inqubo ehlehlayo, esetshenziselwa ukulungisa izinkinga ezibangelwa ukuhlukana. Amathuluzi e-defragmentation wamahhala ayatholakala ngokufanayo.

Ukuhlela amafayela abe izinkomba namafolda kusiza ekuqedeni ukuqanjwa kwegama. Ngaphandle kwamafolda, bekungeke kwenzeke ukuba namafayela angu-2 anegama elifanayo. Ukusesha nokukhipha amafayela nakho kulula endaweni ehlelekile.

Isistimu yefayela igcina ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nefayela - igama lefayela, usayizi wefayela, indawo yefayela, usayizi womkhakha, uhla lwemibhalo olukuyo, imininingwane yezingcezu, njll.

Amasistimu wefayela ajwayelekile

1. NTFS

I-NTFS imele i-New Technology File System. I-Microsoft yethula uhlelo lwamafayela ngonyaka ka-1993. Izinguqulo eziningi ze-Windows OS - Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, kanye ne-Windows 10 zisebenzisa i- I-NTFS.

Ihlola ukuthi idrayivu ifomethwe njenge-NTFS

Ngaphambi kokusetha uhlelo lwefayela kudrayivu, kufanele lufomethwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingxenye yedrayivu ikhethiwe futhi yonke idatha ekuyo iyasulwa ukuze kumiswe uhlelo lwefayela. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ongabheka ngazo ukuthi i-hard drive yakho isebenzisa i-NTFS noma yiluphi olunye uhlelo lwefayela.

• Uma uvula 'Ukuphathwa Kwediski' ku-Windows (etholakala ku-Control Panel), ungathola ukuthi isistimu yefayela icaciswe ngemininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nedrayivu.
• Noma, ungaphinda uchofoze kwesokudla kudrayivu ngokuqondile usuka ku-Windows Explorer. Iya kumenyu yokudonsela phansi bese ukhetha ‘izakhiwo.’ Uzothola uhlobo lwesistimu yefayela olushiwo lapho.

Izici ze-NTFS

I-NTFS iyakwazi ukusekela ama-hard drive amasayizi amakhulu - afika ku-16 EB. Amafayela angawodwana anosayizi ofika ku-256 TB angagcinwa.

Kukhona isici esibizwa I-NTFS yokwenziwayo . Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezakhiwe kusetshenziswa lesi sici zingahluleka ngokuphelele noma ziphumelele ngokuphelele. Lokhu kusiza ekwehliseni ubungozi bezinguquko ezithile zisebenza kahle kuyilapho ezinye izinguquko zingasebenzi. Noma yikuphi ukuthengiselana okwenziwa unjiniyela kuyi-athomu.

I-NTFS inesici esibizwa ngokuthi Isevisi ye-Volume Shadow Copy . I-OS namanye amathuluzi okulondoloza isofthiwe asebenzisa lesi sici ukuze enze ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yamafayela asetshenziswayo njengamanje.

I-NTFS ingachazwa njengohlelo lwefayela lokubhala. Ngaphambi kokuthi kwenziwe izinguquko zesistimu, irekhodi layo lenziwa kulogi. Uma kwenzeka ushintsho olusha lubangela ukwehluleka ngaphambi kokuzinikela, ilogu yenza kube lula ukubuyela esimweni sangaphambilini.

I-EFS - Uhlelo Lwefayela Lokubethela isici lapho ukubethela kunikezwa kumafayela namafolda ngamanye.

Ku-NTFS, umlawuli unelungelo lokusetha izilinganiso zokusetshenziswa kwediski. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abasebenzisi banokufinyelela okulinganayo esikhaleni sesitoreji esabelwe futhi akekho umsebenzisi othatha isikhala esiningi kudrayivu yenethiwekhi.

2. AMAFUTHA

I-FAT imele Ithebula Lokwabiwa Kwefayela. IMicrosoft idale uhlelo lwamafayela ngonyaka we-1977. FAT yayisetshenziswa ku-MS-DOS nakwezinye izinguqulo ezindala ze-Windows OS. Namuhla, i-NTFS iwuhlelo oluyinhloko lwamafayela ku-Windows OS. Noma kunjalo, i-FAT iseyinguqulo esekelwe.

I-FAT ithuthuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusekela ama-hard drive anamasayizi amakhulu wamafayela.

Izinguqulo ezahlukene ze-FAT File System

FAT12

Yethulwe ngo-1980, i-FAT12 yayisetshenziswa kabanzi ku-Microsoft Oss kuze kube yi-MS-DOS 4.0. Ama-floppy disks asasebenzisa i-FAT12. Ku-FAT12, amagama wamafayela awakwazi ukweqa izinhlamvu ezingu-8 kuyilapho izandiso, umkhawulo uyizinhlamvu ezi-3. Izici eziningi ezibalulekile zefayela esizisebenzisayo namuhla, zethulwa okokuqala kule nguqulo ye-FAT - ilebula yevolumu, efihliwe, isistimu, yokufunda kuphela.

FAT16

I-16-bit File Allocation Table yaqala ukukhishwa ngo-1984 futhi yasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-DOS kuze kufike kunguqulo 6.22.

FAT32

Yethulwe ngo-1996, iyinguqulo yakamuva ye-FAT. Ingakwazi ukusekela amadrayivu angu-2TB (ngisho afinyelele ku-16 KB namaqoqo angu-64 KB).

I-ExFAT

I-EXFAT imele Ithebula Lokwabiwa Kwefayela Elinwetshiwe. Futhi, edalwe yiMicrosoft futhi yethulwa ngo-2006, lokhu akukwazi ukubhekwa njengenguqulo elandelayo ye-FAT. Yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi aphathwayo - ama-flash drive, amakhadi e-SDHC, njll...Le nguqulo ye-FAT isekelwa yizo zonke izinguqulo ze-Windows OS. Amafayela afika kwangu-2,796,202 angagcinwa ohlwini ngalunye futhi amagama wefayela angaphatha izinhlamvu ezingafika kwezingu-255.

Amanye amasistimu wefayela asetshenziswa kakhulu

• HFS+
• Btrfs
• Shintsha
• I-Ext2/Ext3/Ext4 (amasistimu e-Linux)
• I-UDF
• I-GFS

Ungakwazi yini ukushintsha phakathi kwamasistimu wefayela?

Ingxenye yedrayivu ifomethwe ngohlelo oluthile lwefayela. Ukuguqula ukwahlukanisa kube uhlobo oluhlukile lwesistimu yefayela kungenzeka kodwa akwelulekwa. Kuyinketho engcono kakhulu yokukopisha idatha ebalulekile kusuka ekuhlukaniseni uye kudivayisi ehlukile.

Kunconyiwe: Yini Isiphathi Sedivayisi?

Izibaluli ezithile ezifana nokubethela kwefayela, isilinganiso sediski, imvume yento, ukucindezelwa kwefayela, nesibaluli sefayela elinenkomba kutholakala kuphela ku-NTFS. Lezi zibaluli azisekelwa ku-FAT. Ngakho-ke, ukushintsha phakathi kwezinhlelo zefayela ezifana nalezi kubangela ubungozi obuthile. Uma ifayela elibethelwe elisuka ku-NTFS libekwe endaweni efomethwe yi-FAT, ifayela alisenakho ukubethela. Ilahlekelwa imikhawulo yayo yokufinyelela futhi ingafinyelelwa yinoma ubani. Ngokufanayo, ifayela elicindezelwe elisuka kuvolumu ye-NTFS lizocindezelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho libekwe kuvolumu efomethiwe ye-FAT.

Isifinyezo

• Isistimu yefayela iyindawo yokugcina amafayela nezibaluli zefayela. Kuyindlela yokuhlela amafayela esistimu. Lokhu kusiza i-OS ekuseshweni kwefayela nasekubuyiseni.
• Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zamafayela. I-OS ngayinye inohlelo lwayo lwamafayela oluza lufakwe ngaphambili ne-OS.
• Ukushintsha phakathi kwezinhlelo zamafayela kungenzeka. Nokho, uma izici zesistimu yefayela yangaphambilini zingasekelwa ohlelweni olusha, wonke amafayela alahlekelwa izici ezindala. Ngakho, it is hhayi Kunconywa.

U-Elon ungumbhali wezobuchwepheshe e-Cyber ​​S. Ubelokhu ebhala imihlahlandlela yokuthi kwenziwa kanjani iminyaka eyi-6 manje futhi uhlanganise izihloko eziningi. Uthanda ukumboza izihloko ezihlobene ne-Windows, i-Android, namaqhinga namathiphu akamuva.