Isistimu yokusebenza, ezinye izinhlelo zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nemishini ehlukahlukene yehadiwe konke kwakhiwe amaqembu ahlukene abantu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-OS nezinye izinhlelo azikwazi ukuxhumana nemishini yehadiwe. Lapha yilapho umshayeli wedivayisi engena khona. Kuwucezu lwesofthiwe olusebenza njengomhumushi phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza nemishini yehadiwe. Umsebenzi womshayeli wedivayisi ukuvumela ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yehadiwe enamathiselwe ohlelweni. Umshayeli wephrinta utshela i-OS indlela yokuphrinta ulwazi olukhethiwe ekhasini. Ukuze i-OS ihumushe izingcezu efayeleni elilalelwayo zibe okukhiphayo okufanele, umshayeli wekhadi lomsindo uyadingeka. Njengalokhu, izishayeli zedivayisi zikhona kudivayisi ngayinye yehadiwe exhunywe kusistimu yakho.
Okuqukethwe[ fihla ]
- Yini Isishayeli Sedivayisi?
- Zisebenza kanjani izishayeli zedivayisi?
- Izishayeli zedivayisi ebonakalayo
- Usetshenziswa kuphi umshayeli wedivayisi?
- Ingabe zonke izisetshenziswa zidinga abashayeli?
- Kuzokwenzekani uma ungakamfaki umshayeli?
- Izinhlobo zezishayeli zedivayisi
- Ezinye izinhlobo Zomshayeli Wedivayisi
- Ukuphatha abashayeli bedivayisi
Yini Isishayeli Sedivayisi?
I-OS akudingeki yazi imininingwane ngemuva kokusebenza kwehadiwe. Isebenzisa umshayeli wedivayisi, ihlangana kuphela nalolo cezu oluthile lwehadiwe. Uma umshayeli wedivayisi ehambisanayo engafakiwe, asikho isixhumanisi sokuxhumana phakathi kwe-OS ne-hardware. Idivayisi enjalo yehadiwe ingase ingasebenzi kahle. Umshayeli wedivayisi kanye nedivayisi yehadiwe ehambisanayo bayaxhumana ngebhasi lekhompyutha lapho idivayisi ixhunywe khona. Izishayeli zedivayisi ziyahlukahluka kusistimu ngayinye yokusebenza futhi zincike kwihadiwe. Umshayeli wedivayisi waziwa nangokuthi umshayeli wesoftware noma umshayeli nje.
Zisebenza kanjani izishayeli zedivayisi?
Idivayisi yehadiwe ifuna ukuxhumana nohlelo kusistimu yakho. Lesi simo ungasicabanga njengezinhlaka ezimbili ezikhuluma izilimi ezahlukene. Ngakho, kunesidingo somhumushi. Umshayeli wedivayisi udlala indima yomhumushi lapha. Isofthiwe inikeza ulwazi lomshayeli oluchaza ukuthi ihadiwe kufanele yenze ini. Umshayeli wedivayisi usebenzisa ulwazi ukuze enze umshayeli enze umsebenzi.
Umshayeli wedivayisi uhumusha imiyalelo yohlelo lwesofthiwe/i-OS olimini oluqondwa idivayisi yehadiwe. Ukuze uhlelo lusebenze kahle, kufanele ube nazo zonke izishayeli zedivayisi ezidingekayo. Uma uvula isistimu yakho, i-OS ixhumana nezishayeli zedivayisi kanye ne I-BIOS ukunquma ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yehadiwe.
Ukube bekungeyona eyemishini yokushayela, bekungeke kube khona indlela yokuthi uhlelo luxhumane namadivayisi noma izinhlelo zesoftware bekuzodingeka ukuthi lwazi ukuthi luhlangana kanjani ngqo nehadiwe (uma kunikezwe ububanzi bezinhlelo nemishini yehadiwe esinayo namuhla, lokhu kungaba nzima). Akunakwenzeka ukwakha isofthiwe enekhono lokuxhumana ngokuqondile nazo zonke izinhlobo zemishini yehadiwe. Ngakho-ke, abashayeli bemishini bangabashintshi begeyimu.
Kokubili - amadivaysi ehadiwe nezinhlelo zesoftware kuncike kuzishayeli zedivayisi ukuze zisebenze kahle. Izinhlelo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa imiyalo evamile ukuze zifinyelele kumadivayisi. Umshayeli wedivayisi uhumusha lokhu kube imiyalo ekhethekile engaqondwa idivayisi.
Izishayeli zedivayisi ngokuvamile ziza njengezinto ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ku-OS. Ahlinzekwa ngumkhiqizi. Uma i-hardware noma ingxenye yesofthiwe ishintshwa noma ibuyekezwa, lezi zishayeli zedivayisi zenziwa zingasebenzi.
Izishayeli zedivayisi ebonakalayo
Umshayeli wedivayisi ebonakalayo uyingxenye yomshayeli wedivayisi esiza idivayisi yehadiwe ukuze isungule ukuxhumana ne-OS noma uhlelo. Bangabashayeli bamadivayisi abonakalayo. Izishayeli zedivayisi ebonakalayo zisiza ekuhambeni kwedatha okushelelayo. Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zingafinyelela idivayisi ethile yehadiwe ngaphandle kokungqubuzana. Uma umshayeli wedivayisi ebonakalayo ethola isignali yokuphazamiseka kusukela kudivayisi yehadiwe, inquma inkambo elandelayo yesenzo ngokusekelwe esimweni sezilungiselelo zedivayisi.
Usetshenziswa kuphi umshayeli wedivayisi?
Uma sisebenzisa isofthiwe ukulingisa idivayisi yehadiwe, isishayeli sedivayisi ebonakalayo sisetshenziswa ukuze kusetshenziswe idivayisi enjalo. Isibonelo esifanele kungaba ukusebenzisa a I-VPN . Udala ikhadi lenethiwekhi elibonakalayo ukuze ukwazi ukuxhuma ngokuphephile ku-inthanethi. Leli yikhadi lenethiwekhi elibonakalayo elidalwe i-VPN. Kudingeka umshayeli ofanelekile kuleli khadi elizovame ukufakwa isofthiwe ye-VPN ngokwayo.
Ingabe zonke izisetshenziswa zidinga abashayeli?
Ukuthi idivayisi iyamdinga noma cha umshayeli kuncike ekutheni uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza luyayibona yini idivayisi yehadiwe nezici zayo. Amanye ama-peripheral angaziwa ohlelweni lokusebenza futhi adinga umshayeli yilena – ikhadi levidiyo, idivayisi ye-USB, ikhadi lomsindo, isithwebuli, iphrinta, imodemu yesilawuli, ikhadi lenethiwekhi, isifundi sekhadi njll… ukusebenza ezingeni eliyisisekelo. Futhi, umbandela ukuthi i-OS kufanele ibone izici zedivayisi. Amanye amadivaysi angasebenza nezishayeli ezijwayelekile yilezi – RAM, ikhibhodi, igundane, izipikha, imonitha, i-hard drive, i-hard drive, i-CPU, i-power supply, i-joystick njll… kaningi njengamashayeli ahlinzekwa ngumkhiqizi wehadiwe.
Funda futhi: Liyini ifayela leKhompyutha?
Kuzokwenzekani uma ungakamfaki umshayeli?
Uma ungakafaki umshayeli wedivaysi, idivayisi ingase ingasebenzi nhlobo noma ingase isebenze kancane kuphela. Isibonelo, izisetshenziswa ezifana negundane/ikhibhodi zizosebenza ngaphandle komshayeli. Kodwa uma igundane lakho linezinkinobho ezengeziwe noma ikhibhodi yakho inokhiye abakhethekile, lezo zici ngeke zisebenze. Uma ungumsebenzisi we-Windows, ungathola iphutha lokushayisana komshayeli kumphathi wedivayisi, uma unomshayeli ongekho. Ngokuvamile, umenzi ukhipha isibuyekezo somshayeli ukuze asule amaphutha akhiqizwa umshayeli. Ngakho-ke, hlala unenguqulo yakamuva yomshayeli wemishini yakho yehadiwe.
Umshayeli uzosebenza kuphela uma unedivayisi ehambisanayo efakwe ohlelweni lwakho. Uma uzama ukufaka umshayeli we-hardware engekho, ngeke kwenzeke. Isibonelo, ukufaka umshayeli wekhadi levidiyo uma ungenalo ikhadi levidiyo kusistimu yakho ngeke kunikeze isistimu yakho amandla okusebenza nekhadi levidiyo. Udinga ukuba nakho kokubili - idivayisi yehadiwe kanye nomshayeli wedivayisi obuyekeziwe wayo.
Izinhlobo zezishayeli zedivayisi
Kukhona umshayeli wedivayisi cishe wawo wonke amadivaysi ehadiwe asetshenziswayo namuhla. Laba bashayeli bangahlukaniswa kabanzi ngezigaba ezi-2 ezilandelayo - izishayeli zedivayisi yomsebenzisi kanye nezishayeli zedivayisi ye-kernel
Izishayeli zedivayisi yomsebenzisi
Lawa amashayeli edivayisi aqalwa ngumsebenzisi ngenkathi esebenzisa isistimu. Lezi ezamadivayisi umsebenzisi awaxhume kusistimu, ngaphandle kwalawo aphathelene ne isoftware ye-kernel . Izishayeli zedivayisi zamapulaki namadivaysi okudlala zibhekwa njengezishayeli zedivayisi yomsebenzisi. Ukuze ukhuphule ingcindezi ezinsizeni zesistimu, izishayeli zedivayisi yomsebenzisi zibhalwa kudiski. Kodwa izishayeli zedivayisi zamadivayisi wegeyimu ngokuvamile zigcinwa kumemori enkulu.
Funda futhi: Liyini ifayela le-ISO?
Izishayeli zedivayisi ye-Kernel
Amashayeli ajwayelekile atholakala njengesoftware eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye ne-OS abizwa ngokuthi ama-kernel device driver. Balayisha kumemori njengengxenye ye-OS. Isikhombi esiya kumshayeli sigcinwa kumemori futhi singancengwa noma nini lapho sidingeka. Izishayeli zedivayisi ye-Kernel zingamadivayisi afana ne-processor, i-motherboard, i-BIOS, namanye amadivaysi aphathelene nesofthiwe ye-kernel.
Ngabashayeli bedivayisi ye-kernel, kunenkinga evamile. Lapho kucelwa, umshayeli wedivayisi ye-kernel ulayishwa ku-RAM. Lokhu akukwazi ukuhanjiswa kumemori ebonakalayo. Uma kukhona izishayeli zedivayisi ezimbalwa ezisebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa, isistimu iba ihamba kancane. Ukuze unqobe lolu daba, i-OS ngayinye inesidingo esincane sesistimu. Amasistimu okusebenza ahlanganisa izinsiza ezidingwa abashayeli bedivayisi ye-kernel. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi akudingeki bakhathazeke ngesidingo sememori.
Ezinye izinhlobo Zomshayeli Wedivayisi
1. Abashayeli beGeneric kanye ne-OEN
Uma umshayeli wedivaysi etholakala kanye nesistimu yokusebenza, ibizwa ngokuthi umshayeli wedivaysi ejwayelekile. Umshayeli wedivaysi ejwayelekile usebenzela idivayisi ethile ngokunganaki umkhiqizo wayo. Windows 10 inezishayeli zedivayisi ejwayelekile zamadivaysi ehadiwe asetshenziswa kakhulu.
Kwesinye isikhathi, amadivaysi ehadiwe anezici ezithile i-OS engakwazi ukuzibona. Umkhiqizi wedivayisi uhlinzeka ngomshayeli ohambisanayo wamadivayisi anjalo. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi abashayeli bedivayisi ye-OEM. Ukuze imishini enjalo isebenze kahle, abashayeli kufanele bafakwe ngokuhlukana ngemva kokufaka i-OS. Ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa iWindows XP, ngisho nezishayeli zebhodi lomama kwakumele zifakwe ngokuhlukana. Namuhla, amasistimu amaningi esimanje ahlinzeka ngamashayeli emishini ejwayelekile eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.
2. Block kanye abashayeli uhlamvu
Izishayeli zedivayisi zingahlukaniswa njengezishayeli ezivimbayo noma izishayeli zezinhlamvu ngokusekelwe ekutheni idatha ifundwa futhi ibhalwe kanjani. Amadivayisi afana nama-hard disks, CD Ama-ROM namadrayivu e-USB ahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe endleleni asetshenziswa ngayo.
Igama elithi umshayeli wokuvimba lisetshenziswa lapho kufundwa noma kubhalwa izinhlamvu ezingaphezu koyedwa ngesikhathi. I-block iyakhiwa, futhi idivayisi ye-block izama ukubuyisa inani lolwazi olufanele usayizi webhulokhi. Amadiski aqinile kanye nama-CD ROMS athathwa njengokuvimba abashayeli bedivayisi.
Igama elithi umshayeli wezinhlamvu lisetshenziswa lapho idatha ibhalwa uhlamvu olulodwa ngesikhathi. Abashayeli bedivayisi yezinhlamvu basebenzisa amabhasi e-serial. Noma iyiphi idivayisi exhunywe ku-serial port inomshayeli wezinhlamvu. Isibonelo, igundane yidivayisi exhunywe embobeni ye-serial. Isebenzisa umshayeli wedivayisi yezinhlamvu.
Funda futhi: Yini i-Wi-Fi 6 (802.11 ax)?
Ukuphatha abashayeli bedivayisi
Zonke izishayeli kusistimu yakho ye-Windows ziphethwe Isiphathi Sedivayisi. Abashayeli bedivayisi abadingi ukunakwa okuningi ngemva kokufakwa. Ngezikhathi ezithile, baba nezibuyekezo zokulungisa iphutha noma isibuyekezo esihlinzeka ngesici esisha. Ngakho-ke, kuwumkhuba omuhle ukuhlola izibuyekezo zomshayeli futhi uzifake (uma zikhona) kanye ngesikhathi. Ukwenza umsebenzi wakho ube lula, kunezinhlelo ezithile ezizohlola futhi zibuyekeze izishayeli zedivayisi yakho.
Izibuyekezo zomshayeli ezinikezwe umenzi zihlala zitholakala mahhala kuwebhusayithi yabo esemthethweni. Qaphela ukuthi ungakhokheli isibuyekezo somshayeli wedivayisi!
Ukubuyekeza abashayeli bakho kubalulekile ngoba, isikhathi esiningi, izinkinga eziningi ngedivayisi yehadiwe zingalandelelwa emuva odabeni ngomshayeli wedivayisi.
Isifinyezo
- Umshayeli wedivayisi usiza i-OS nezinye izinhlelo ukuthi zixhumane nehardware exhunywe ohlelweni
- Amasistimu wokusebenza wesimanje ahlinzeka ngezishayeli zedivayisi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kuma-peripherals asetshenziswa kakhulu
- Ukuze usebenzise ezinye izisetshenziswa zehadiwe, udinga ukufaka izishayeli zedivayisi ezihambisanayo ezinikezwe umenzi
- Ukugcina abashayeli bedivayisi yakho benolwazi lwakamuva kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwesistimu.
- Umshayeli wedivayisi yangaphandle udingeka kuphela kulawo madivayisi izici zawo ezingaziwa uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.
Aditya Farrad U-Aditya uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe ozikhuthazayo futhi ube ngumbhali wezobuchwepheshe kule minyaka engu-7 edlule. Ukhava izinsiza ze-inthanethi, iselula, iWindows, isoftware, kanye nemihlahlandlela yokuthi ungazenza kanjani.