Igama elithi uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lisuselwe emagameni amabili ahlukene – anonya nesofthiwe. Igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ngokuhlangene izinhlobo ezahlukene zesofthiwe okuhloswe ngayo ukulimaza isistimu noma ukuthola ukufinyelela kudatha ngaphandle kolwazi lomsebenzisi. Kuyindlela yokuhlasela uhlelo. Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha luyingozi enkulu kumanethiwekhi wekhompyutha njengoba lunamandla okudala ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kulowo ohlukunyeziwe. Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlasela okungenzeka nge-malware? Nalu uhlu lwezinhlobo ezihlukene zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha.
Okuqukethwe[ fihla ]
- Izinhlobo zeMalware
- 1. Izikelemu
- 2. I-Ransomware
- 3. Trojans
- 4. I-Spyware
- 5. Igciwane
- 6. I-Adware
- 7. Keylogger
- 8. Ukuxhaphaza
- 9. I-Rootkit
- Izimpawu zesistimu ethintwa uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha
- Ingena kanjani i-malware ohlelweni lwakho?
- Ungahlala kanjani uphephile?
- Ukuqeda uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha
Izinhlobo zeMalware
1. Izikelemu
Igama labo lisuselwa endleleni izikelemu zangempela ezisebenza ngayo. Baqala ukuthinta umshini owodwa ku-a inethiwekhi bese besebenza indlela yabo beya kwezinye izinhlelo. Ngokuphazima kweso, yonke inethiwekhi yamadivayisi ingatheleleka.
2. I-Ransomware
Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi i-scareware. Njengoba igama libonisa, isetshenziselwa ukuqola isihlengo. Ngokusebenzisa i-ransomware, inethiwekhi yonke ingavalelwa futhi abasebenzisi bangakhiyelwa ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi. Imiphumela izohoxiswa kuphela lapho isihlengo sakhokhwa umuntu othintekile. Ukuhlaselwa kweRansomware kuthinte izinhlangano eziningi ezinkulu
3. Trojans
Uhlelo oluyingozi olufihlwe njengocezu olusemthethweni lwesofthiwe. Idala i-backdoors ukuze iphule ukuphepha. Lokhu kuvula indawo yokungena kwezinye izinhlobo zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Leli gama lisuselwa emlandweni lapho amasosha angamaGreki ayecasha phakathi kwehhashi elikhulu ngaphambi kokuba ahlasele.
4. I-Spyware
I-spyware wuhlobo lohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha olusetshenziselwa inhloli imisebenzi yomsebenzisi ohlelweni lwakhe. Uhlelo lufihla ngaphakathi kwesistimu futhi luqoqa ulwazi olubucayi olufana namagama ayimfihlo omsebenzisi nemininingwane yasebhange ngaphandle kolwazi lomsebenzisi.
5. Igciwane
Lolu wuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Kuwucezu lwekhodi esebenzisekayo ezinamathisela kuhlelo oluhlanzekile kusistimu. Ilinda umsebenzisi ukuthi akhiphe ikhodi. Ishintsha indlela isistimu yakho esebenza ngayo ngendlela engathandeki. Amagciwane angakwazi nokukhiya abasebenzisi ngaphandle kwamasistimu abo futhi onakalise amafayela kuwo. Ngokuvamile zethulwa njengefayela elisebenzisekayo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uqaphele lokho okulanda kusistimu yakho kanye nokwethembeka komthombo.
6. I-Adware
Isofthiwe ethile yokukhangisa iveza izigelekeqe esikrinini sakho okuthi uma uchofozwa, zifake engozini ukuphepha kwakho. Bangase bangabi nenzondo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa uma unganakile, i-adware ingaholela kolunye uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lungena ohlelweni lwakho.
7. Keylogger
Lolu uhlobo lohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha elenzelwe ukurekhoda izinkinobho zokhiye kukhibhodi. Ngalokhu, umhlaseli angathola ulwazi oluyimfihlo njengemininingwane yekhadi lesikweletu namaphasiwedi.
8. Ukuxhaphaza
Lolu hlobo lohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha luxhaphaza iziphazamisi ohlelweni lwakho ukuze lungene. Ngokuvamile zibuyela emuva kumawebhusayithi asemthethweni. Awudingi ngisho nokuchofoza noma ukulanda noma yini. Ukuvakashela iwebhusayithi ephephile ngendlela engaphephile kuzodawuniloda izinhlelo ezinonya ohlelweni lwakho.
9. I-Rootkit
Ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-rootkit, umhlaseli angazinika amalungelo omlawuli ohlelweni. Abasebenzisi bohlelo ngokuvamile bahlala bengakwazi lokhu ngoba kufihlwe kahle ohlelweni lokusebenza nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Izimpawu zesistimu ethintwa uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha
Uma ubheka uhlu olude lwezinhlobo zesofthiwe, noma yimuphi umsebenzisi angafisa ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokuthola uma isistimu yakho ithintwa yinoma iyiphi i-malware. Futhi njengomsebenzisi onomthwalo wemfanelo, kufanele ube. Kuzoba nezimpawu zokusho uma isistimu yakho ithintekile. Okunikezwe ngezansi izimpawu okufanele uzibheke.
- Awukwazi buyekeza isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus . Lokhu kwenzeka uma uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha oluhlasele lukhubaza isofthiwe yakho yokulwa namagciwane ukuze ingabe isaba nomthelela.
- Uma ubona amabha wamathuluzi, izandiso, nama-plugin esipheqululini sakho ongakaze uwabone ngaphambilini, kuyimbangela yokukhathazeka.
- Isiphequluli sakho siyanensa. Ikhasi eliyisiqalo lesiphequluli sakho lishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Futhi, izixhumanisi azibonakali zisebenza kahle. Bakuyisa kusayithi elingalungile. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka uma uchofoza izixhumanisi kuma-pop-ups.
- Ubona ukwanda komsebenzi we-inthanethi ohlelweni lwakho
- Uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa isikhala sediski. Lokhu kwenzeka uma kune-malware ecashile kusigcinalwazi sakho
- Kukhona ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwezinsiza zesistimu ngemuva. Ifeni yeprosesa ivunguza ngesivinini esigcwele.
- Noma ngabe ufinyelela i-inthanethi noma usebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zasendaweni, uyaqaphela ukuthi uhlelo lwehle kakhulu.
- Uyabona ukuthi isistimu yakho iphahlazeka kaningi. Ulokhu uhlangabezana neqhwa lesistimu noma i-Blue Screen of Death (uphawu lwephutha eliyingozi ezinhlelweni zeWindows)
- Uhlala ubona izikhangiso ezizivelelayo eziningi esikrinini sakho. Ngokuvamile beza nemali yomklomelo omkhulu ngendlela engakholeki noma ezinye izithembiso. Ungalokothi uchofoze izikhangiso ezivelelayo, ikakhulukazi lezi ezithi ‘Halala! Uwinile ……’
Ingena kanjani i-malware ohlelweni lwakho?
Manje usuzazi kahle izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi kungase kube nokuhlasela kwe-malware kusistimu yakho. Uma ubona uphawu olulodwa noma eziningi zalezi, umcabango wakho wokuqala ungaba ukuthi ‘kwenzeke kanjani lokhu?’ Kufanele uqaphele ukuthi uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lungena kanjani ohlelweni ukuze unciphise izigameko ezinjalo.
Khumbula ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha zincike ohlotsheni oluthile lwesenzo somsebenzisi. Kuphakathi kokuthi uthola i-imeyili esolisayo edinga ukuthi ulande ifayela le-.exe noma kunesixhumanisi esilindele ukuthi usichofoze. Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha alubagcini omakhalekhukhwini. Abahlaseli banolwazi oluhle ngobungozi bamadivayisi ahlukene. Basebenzisa lobu bungozi ukuze bathole ukufinyelela.
Izindlela ezijwayelekile lapho uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lufinyelela khona nge-imeyili ne-inthanethi. Noma kunini uma uxhumeke ku-inthanethi, isistimu yakho iyathinteka; kakhulu uma idivayisi yakho ingavikelwe yi isofthiwe yokulwa ne-malware . Uma uku-inthanethi, le misebenzi elandelayo ingenza kube lula ngohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ukuthi lungene ohlelweni lwakho - ukulanda okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili yogaxekile, ukulanda amafayela alalelwayo anamagciwane, ukufaka amabha amathuluzi avela kumhlinzeki ongaziwa, ukulanda/ukufaka isofthiwe kukhompyutha umthombo ongaphephile, njll...
Uma uzama ukulanda izinhlelo zokusebenza emthonjeni osolisayo, isistimu yakho ibonisa imilayezo eyisixwayiso ukuze ikugcine uphephile. Naka le milayezo, ikakhulukazi uma uhlelo lokusebenza lufuna imvume yokufinyelela imininingwane yakho.
Abahlaseli bazama ukukhomba abasebenzisi abakhohlisayo ngokusebenzisa izitatimende ezibonakala zikunikeza okuthile okuhle. Kungaba i-inthanethi esheshayo, isicoci se-hard drive, isiphathi esingcono sokulanda, njll… Ngemuva kwalokhu okunikezwayo kukhona isofthiwe engase ibe nonya elungele ukuhlasela uhlelo lwakho. Ngakho-ke, lapho ulanda noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza ku-PC/laptop yakho noma iselula, qiniseka ukuthi ukwenza lokho kuphela kwiwebhusayithi ethembekile.
Siyaligcizelela iqiniso lokuthi isikhathi esiningi, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lungangena ngesenzo somsebenzisi kuphela. Ukulanda okukodwa kusuka ku-imeyili engalungile noma ukuchofoza okukodwa kusixhumanisi esingalungile kanye ne-boom! Isistimu yakho iyahlaselwa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ungayengwa yiminikelo 'enhle kakhulu ukuthi ingaba yiqiniso', izixhumanisi, ama-imeyili, nezikhangiso eziphumayo. Kwesinye isikhathi, ungalanda uhlelo lokusebenza emthonjeni othembekile. Kodwa uma yethula olunye uhlelo lokusebenza njengolubalulekile futhi ifuna imvume yokululanda, qaphela! Isofthiwe eyengeziwe yaziwa ngegama elithi – Isofthiwe Engase Ingafuneki (PUP) futhi iyingxenye engadingekile (futhi engase ibe yingozi) yesofthiwe.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina izinhlelo ezinjalo eziyingozi zikude ukufaka isofthiwe enhle yokulwa ne-malware ohlelweni lwakho.
Ungahlala kanjani uphephile?
Wonke umsebenzisi we-inthanethi ufuna ukuhlala ephephile. Akekho umuntu othanda ukuba yisisulu sokuhlaselwa kohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Umphumela wokuhlasela okunjalo ungasukela ekulahlekelweni kuye kudatha ebucayi kuye ekunikezeni isihlengo esikhulu. Njengoba imiphumela isabisa kakhulu, kungcono ukuphepha kunokuzisola. Sixoxisane ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha nokuthi zingangena kanjani kusistimu yakho. Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele umuntu azithathe, ukuze ahlale ephephile ngenkathi esebenzisa i-inthanethi.
1. Phequlula ngokuzibophezela
Amanye amawebhusayithi amancane, endawo anokuphepha okungekuhle kwe-backend. Ngokuvamile kuba kulezi zindawo lapho kungatholakala khona uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Ukuze ube sohlangothini oluphephile, hlala unamathele kumasayithi aziwayo azakhele isithunzi esihle phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-inthanethi. Inkomba yamawebhusayithi ayingozi ukuthi, amagama esizinda sawo agcina ngezinhlamvu ezingaziwa esikhundleni se-org, com, edu, njll...
2. Hlola ukuthi yini oyilandayo
Ukulanda kuyindawo evamile lapho izinhlelo ezinonya zicasha khona. Njalo hlola kabili ukuthi ulanda ini nokuthi usuka kuphi. Uma kutholakala, dlula kuzibuyekezo ezivela kubasebenzisi bangaphambilini ukuze uthole ukwethembeka komhlinzeki.
3. Faka i-ad-blocker
Sibonile ukuthi i-adware ngezinye izikhathi ingaba nesofthiwe eyingozi kanjani ngaphansi kwewindi le-pop-up. Njengoba kunzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezisemthethweni neziyingozi, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuvimba zonke ngesivimbeli esihle sesikhangiso. Ngisho nangaphandle kwesivimbeli sesikhangiso, akufanele uchofoze ama-pup-ups noma ngabe ukunikezwa kubukeka kukuhle kangakanani.
Funda futhi: Iyini Ikhibhodi futhi Isebenza Kanjani?
4. Ungazivumeli ukuba ukhohliseke
Ukuxhumana ku-inthanethi kungaba yingozi njengoba kumnandi. Ungawi ngokunikezwayo, izixhumanisi kuma-imeyili kagaxekile, izexwayiso, njll... okukulingayo. Uma okuthile kubukeka sengathi kuhle kakhulu ukuba kube yiqiniso, kungcono ukuqhela kulokho.
- Naka izimpawu zokuqala zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Uma uyibamba kusenesikhathi, ungagwema umonakalo omkhulu. Uma kungenjalo, into eyodwa iholela kwenye futhi maduze uzozithola usemgodini ojulile lapho kungekho kulungiswa okubonakala kusebenza.
- Isistimu yakho yokusebenza, ama-plugin, neziphequluli kuzoba ezenguqulo yakamuva. Ukugcina isofthiwe yakho isesikhathini kuyindlela yokugcina abahlaseli bengekho.
- Kubasebenzisi bomakhalekhukhwini be-Android, landa izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza kuphela ku-Google Play Isitolo. Ngaphambi kokulanda uhlelo lokusebenza, hlola ukuthi ukubuyekezwa kwalo nezilinganiso zinhle ngokuphusile. Uhlelo lokusebenza akufanele lufune imvume yokufinyelela imininingwane engahlobene nohlelo lokusebenza. Qaphela ukuthi yiziphi izimvume ozinikezayo. Gwema ukulanda izinhlelo zokusebenza emithonjeni yezinkampani zangaphandle. Ungachofozi izixhumanisi ozithola kuWhatsapp noma kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo, ngaphandle kokuhlola ukuthi imayelana nani.
Ukuqeda uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha
Ukungaqiniseki kuhlale kuyisici. Ngaphandle kokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha, ungahle ube yisisulu sokuhlaselwa kohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Ungabuyisela kanjani isistimu yakho kokujwayelekile?
Kunamathuluzi okususa uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha - kokubili mahhala nakhokhelwayo, ayatholakala. Uma ungakafaki uhlelo lokulwa ne-malware, lufake ngokushesha. Bese, sebenzisa iskena. Iskena sizosesha noma yiziphi izinkinga kudivayisi yakho futhi isofthiwe izosebenzela kukho ukususa noma iyiphi i-malware ohlelweni lwakho .
Ngemva kokuhlanza idivayisi yakho, shintsha amagama ayimfihlo awo wonke ama-akhawunti onawo, futhi uwasebenzise. Lahla wonke amaphasiwedi akho amadala.
Isifinyezo
- Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha igama elisetshenziswa ukuchaza izinhlelo ezinonya.
- Abahlaseli basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ukuze bathole ukufinyelela kusistimu yakho, ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho.
- Lokhu kuyingozi njengoba uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lunganikeza amaphasiwedi akho, imininingwane yomuntu siqu, nolunye ulwazi olubucayi. Umhlaseli angabese esebenzisa lolu lwazi ngokumelene nawe.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ukuvikela isistimu yakho nge-software elwa nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha enikeza ukuvikeleka okunezingqimba.
- Kufanele futhi ukhumbule ukuthi ungachofozi izixhumanisi noma ulande okunamathiselwe kuma-imeyili angacelwanga, uphequlule amawebhusayithi angaphephile, noma uchofoze izikhangiso eziqhamukayo.
Elon Decker U-Elon ungumbhali wezobuchwepheshe e-Cyber S. Ubelokhu ebhala imihlahlandlela yokuthi kwenziwa kanjani iminyaka eyi-6 manje futhi uhlanganise izihloko eziningi. Uthanda ukumboza izihloko ezihlobene ne-Windows, i-Android, namaqhinga namathiphu akamuva.